1. Introduction: Why AQL Is the Heart of Garments Quality Control
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| BD GARMENTS CAREER |
quality standard maintain করতে হয় international rules অনুযায়ী।
এই international standard-এর নাম—
AQL (Acceptable Quality Level)
AQL হলো garments QC/QA-এর backbone।
একটি shipment pass হবে নাকি fail হবে — তা নির্ভর করে AQL report-এর উপর।
Buyer-রা AQL ছাড়া কোন shipment accept করে না।
তাই QC/QA job পেতে হলে AQL শেখা বাধ্যতামূলক।
এই ব্লগে আপনি জানবেন—
✔ AQL কী
✔ AQL table কীভাবে পড়তে হয়
✔ Sample size কীভাবে নির্ধারণ হয়
✔ Major, Minor, Critical defect
✔ AQL 1.5, 2.5, 4.0 এর meaning
✔ Pass/Fail calculation
✔ AQL inspection process
✔ QA interview questions
এটি ২০২৫ সালের garments industry-এর সেরা AQL guide।
⭐ 2. What is AQL? (Simple Definition)
AQL = Acceptable Quality Level
মানে buyer যে পরিমাণ defect tolerate করতে পারে।
Example:
AQL 2.5 মানে
২.৫% defect পর্যন্ত গ্রহণযোগ্য।
AQL buyer অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয়—
✔ Fashion buyer → 1.5
✔ Sportswear → 2.5
✔ Basic items → 4.0
⭐ 3. Why AQL Is Used in Garments Industry? (Top Reasons)
✔ Shipment pass/fail decision
✔ Standard quality measurement
✔ Internationally accepted
✔ Buyer confidence
✔ Risk minimization
✔ Production quality improvement
✔ Quality guarantee
AQL ছাড়া garments QC incomplete।
⭐ 4. What Is Defect? (Critical, Major, Minor Explained)
QC defect হলো garment-এর ভুল যা buyer standard ভঙ্গ করে।
⭐ 1. Critical Defect
Buyer safety & brand damage করে।
Examples:
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Needle found inside garment
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Sharp object
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Chemical stain
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Wrong branding
Critical defects → Shipment rejected.
⭐ 2. Major Defect
Garment usability বা look নষ্ট করে।
Examples:
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Open seam
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Hole
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Shade variation
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Measurement out of tolerance
⭐ 3. Minor Defect
Garment appearance slightly affect করে।
Examples:
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Loose threads
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Small spot
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Uneven stitch
⭐ 5. How AQL Table Works (Full Explanation)
AQL table হলো একটি standard chart —
যেখানে sample size এবং defect allowed দেখানো থাকে।
AQL table-এ দুটি অংশ থাকে:
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Sample Size Code Letter
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AQL Levels
⭐ Step 1: Find Code Letter
Population (Lot Size) অনুযায়ী code letter নির্ধারণ করা হয়।
Example:
| Lot Size | Code Letter |
|---|---|
| 2,001 – 10,000 | L |
| 501 – 1200 | K |
| 151 – 500 | J |
If lot size = 3000 pcs → Code letter = L
⭐ Step 2: Determine Sample Size
Code L → Sample size: 200 pcs
⭐ Step 3: Determine Accept/Reject Level
AQL 2.5 জন্য code L হলে:
✔ Acceptable defects: 10
✔ Reject after: 11 defects
⭐ Basic Example (Simple)
Lot = 3000 pcs
Sample size = 200 pcs
Found defects = 8 pcs
Since 8 < 10 (allowed),
✔ Shipment = PASS
If found defects = 15 pcs
15 > 10
❌ Shipment = FAIL
⭐ 6. Common AQL Levels Used in Garments
| Item Type | AQL |
|---|---|
| Fashion garments | 1.5 |
| Knit basic garments | 2.5 |
| Woven shirts/trousers | 2.5 |
| Sweaters | 4.0 |
| Sportswear | 1.5 |
⭐ 7. Full AQL Inspection Process (Step-by-Step)
⭐ Step 1: Get Lot Size
Example: 25,000 pcs.
⭐ Step 2: Find Code Letter
For 25,000 → Code = N
⭐ Step 3: Pick Samples Randomly
Random selection ensures unbiased quality.
⭐ Step 4: Inspect Garments
Check:
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Measurement
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Stitching
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Defects
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Shade
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Label/packing
⭐ Step 5: Defect Classification
Critical/Major/Minor count entry.
⭐ Step 6: Compare With AQL Table
If defect ≤ acceptable → PASS
Else → FAIL
⭐ 8. AQL Inspection Tools
✔ AQL table
✔ Tape
✔ Light table
✔ Needle detector
✔ Measurement chart
✔ QC report sheet
✔ Defect card
⭐ 9. AQL for Different Garments Products
⭐ Knitwear
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AQL 2.5
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Shade, shrinkage critical
⭐ Denim
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AQL 1.5
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Washing quality sensitive
⭐ Woven shirts
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AQL 2.5
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Stitch accuracy important
⭐ Sportswear
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AQL 1.5
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Performance defects allowed নয়
⭐ 10. Interview Questions on AQL (With Answers)
Q1: What is AQL?
Ans: Acceptable Quality Level – maximum defects allowed.
Q2: What is Major defect?
Ans: Defect that affects usability.
Q3: AQL 2.5 means what?
Ans: Up to 2.5% defects are acceptable.
Q4: How sample size is decided?
Ans: Based on lot size using AQL table.
Q5: If 200 pcs sample → AQL 2.5 → allowed defects?
Ans: 10 defects allowed.
⭐ 11. Why AQL Is Important for QA Career
AQL জানলে QA career growth ত্বরান্বিত হয় কারণ:
✔ Buyer audit pass করা সহজ
✔ Inspection skill strong হয়
✔ Better QA management
✔ Salary growth faster
⭐ 12. Final Conclusion
AQL is the backbone of garments quality.
AQL ছাড়া QC/QA job সম্ভব নয়।
এই guide পড়ে আপনি শিখলেন—
✔ AQL কী
✔ কেন গুরুত্বপূর্ণ
✔ Sample size কিভাবে নির্ধারণ হয়
✔ Pass/Fail rule
✔ QA interview preparation
এই আর্টিকেল QA, QC, Merchandising, Production — সবার জন্য অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
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